Reporting what people say using nouns and adjectives
🧠 چرا این مبحث مهمه؟
همیشه لازم نیست حرفهای دیگران رو با he said / she told me گزارش کنیم. گاهی میخوایم حرفهایتر، رسمیتر یا خلاصهتر صحبت کنیم. اینجاست که استفاده از اسمها و صفتها به کمکمون میاد.
✳️ بخش اول: استفاده از اسمها (nouns)
🟩 ساختارهای رایج:
- noun + that-clause
- noun + to-infinitive
- noun + wh-clause
✅ 1. noun + that-clause
برای بیان گزارشهای خبری، نظرات، باورها و پیشنهادها.
اسمهای پرکاربرد: claim, conclusion, announcement, belief, statement, suggestion, threat, advice, explanation, promise
- The claim is that smoking is harmful.
🟢 ادعا این است که سیگار ضرر دارد. - The jury came to the conclusion that she was guilty.
🟢 هیئت منصفه نتیجه گرفت که او گناهکار است. - He made a promise that he would return.
🟢 او قول داد که باز خواهد گشت.
✅ 2. noun + to-infinitive
برای بیان برنامهها، پیشنهادها، هشدارها یا اهداف.
اسمهای پرکاربرد: invitation, decision, encouragement, order, refusal, instruction, attempt, proposal
- He accepted Lisa’s invitation to visit her in Rome.
🟢 دعوت لیزا برای رفتن به رم را پذیرفت. - She gave me encouragement to apply for the job.
🟢 من را تشویق کرد برای آن شغل درخواست بدهم. - They issued a warning to evacuate the building.
🟢 هشدار دادند که ساختمان را تخلیه کنیم.
✅ 3. noun + wh-clause
برای مطرح کردن پرسشها یا مسائل مهم.
اسمهای پرکاربرد: question, issue, problem, discussion, explanation
- She raised the question of when we would start.
🟢 او پرسید که چه زمانی شروع خواهیم کرد. - We discussed the issue of how to manage time.
🟢 درباره نحوه مدیریت زمان بحث کردیم.
✍️ نکته مهم:
گاهی میتونیم از as to + wh-word یا as to + to-infinitive هم استفاده کنیم.
- She asked my advice as to what she should do.
🟠 ازم مشورت خواست درباره اینکه چه کار کند. - They gave instructions as to how to cook it.
🟠 به ما دستور پخت را توضیح دادند.
✳️ بخش دوم: استفاده از صفتها (adjectives)
با صفتها میتونیم احساسات، دیدگاه یا موقعیت افراد رو در قالب جملههای حرفهایتر گزارش کنیم.
✅ 1. adjective + that-clause
برای بیان احساس، قطعیت یا اطمینان.
صفات رایج: certain, angry, sure, glad, annoyed, insistent, grateful
- The builders are certain that they’ll finish on time.
🟢 کارگران مطمئن هستند که بهموقع تمام میکنند. - She is angry that no one helped her.
🟢 او عصبانی است که کسی کمکش نکرد.
✅ 2. adjective + wh-clause
برای بیان تردید یا سوال.
صفات رایج: unsure, uncertain, doubtful
- Scientists aren’t sure where the satellite will land.
🟢 دانشمندان مطمئن نیستند که ماهواره کجا فرود میآید.
✅ 3. adjective + preposition + noun
ساختاری برای بیان رابطه احساس یا نظر با موضوعی خاص.
صفات رایج: critical (of), apologetic (for), sympathetic (to), complimentary (about)
- They are critical of the government’s decision.
🟢 به تصمیم دولت انتقاد دارند. - He is sympathetic towards the victims.
🟢 با قربانیان همدردی میکند.
💎 جدول خلاصه طلایی
| ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| noun + that-clause | The claim that smoking is harmful | ادعا اینکه سیگار ضرر دارد |
| noun + to-infinitive | Invitation to speak | دعوت برای سخنرانی |
| noun + wh-clause | Question of when to start | سوال درباره زمان شروع |
| adjective + that-clause | Sure that he’s right | مطمئن که حق با اوست |
| adjective + wh-clause | Uncertain where to go | مطمئن نیست کجا برود |
| adjective + prep + noun | Critical of the plan | منتقد آن طرح |
📖 داستان آموزشی
English Story: The New Policy
The company made an announcement that a new policy would start next week. There was a lot of discussion about how the policy would affect employees. Some staff members expressed concern that they might lose benefits.
The manager gave an explanation that nothing would change immediately. He also shared a promise to review the policy after three months.
A reporter asked the CEO’s opinion as to whether the changes were necessary. She replied that she was certain that the changes would help. But some employees were still unsure whether it would really work.
🟥 ترجمه فارسی:
شرکت اعلام کرد که سیاست جدیدی از هفته آینده شروع میشود. بحثهای زیادی دربارهی چگونگی تأثیر آن روی کارکنان مطرح شد. برخی نگرانیشان را بیان کردند که ممکن است مزایایشان را از دست بدهند.
مدیر توضیح داد که فعلاً هیچچیزی تغییر نمیکند و قول داد که سه ماه بعد بازنگری خواهد شد.
خبرنگاری از مدیرعامل دربارهی ضرورت این تغییرات نظر خواست. او پاسخ داد که مطمئن است این تغییرات مفید خواهند بود. ولی هنوز بعضی کارکنان مطمئن نبودند که آیا واقعاً کمکی خواهد کرد یا نه.
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. The company made an ______ that prices would increase.
2. We had a long ______ of how to improve the website.
3. He gave me clear ______ to reset the device.
4. They made a ______ that the changes were not effective.
5. She showed her ______ to work with the new manager.
6. The teacher gave us a good ______ to study harder.
7. We raised the ______ of where to hold the meeting.
8. There was a lot of ______ as to whether the rule was fair.
9. She accepted his ______ to visit him during the summer.
10. I was very ______ that they offered me the job.
11. She was ______ that they had lied to her.
12. They are ______ that the project will be done on time.
13. We weren’t ______ where the truck had gone.
14. The students were ______ whether the exam included grammar.
15. Reporters are often very ______ of government actions.
16. She asked my ______ as to what subject she should study.
17. They gave us detailed ______ about how to prepare the dish.
18. His ______ of what had happened made everyone calm.
19. The director showed great ______ towards the victims.
20. The president made a ______ that the policy would change.