Reporting Offers, Suggestions, Orders, Intentions, etc
این مبحث خیلی مهمه چون هر وقت بخوای بگی:
- یکی یه چیزی پیشنهاد داده
- یه نفر قول کاری رو داده
- به کسی گفتن فلان کار رو بکنه یا نکنه
- کسی تصمیم گرفته کاری بکنه
تو این شرایط باید بتونی درست جملهسازی کنی. تو انگلیسی اینطوری نیست که فقط "he said" بگی و بقیهش رو بریزی ته جمله! بلکه ساختارهاش فرق میکنه، بسته به اینکه پیشنهاد بوده یا دستور یا درخواست یا قول یا...
📚 بخش اول: تصمیم، پیشنهاد، قول
✅ ساختار:
verb + to-infinitive
✅ افعال رایج:
| فعل | معنی |
|---|---|
| agree | موافقت کردن |
| decide | تصمیم گرفتن |
| promise | قول دادن |
| offer | پیشنهاد دادن |
| volunteer | داوطلب شدن |
| threaten | تهدید کردن |
| plan | برنامهریزی کردن |
✅ مثالها:
- He promised to help me. ➝ او قول داد که بهم کمک کنه.
- She agreed to join the meeting. ➝ او موافقت کرد که به جلسه ملحق بشه.
- They decided to cancel the trip. ➝ آنها تصمیم گرفتند سفر را کنسل کنند.
- John offered to drive us home. ➝ جان پیشنهاد داد ما را برسونه خونه.
❗ نکته:
✘ He promised that to help ❌
✘ He offered that he drives us ❌
📚 بخش دوم: دستور، توصیه، درخواست
✅ ساختار:
verb + object + to-infinitive
object یعنی کسی که باید اون کار رو انجام بده.
✅ افعال رایج:
| فعل | معنی |
|---|---|
| ask | خواستن |
| tell | دستور دادن |
| advise | توصیه کردن |
| order | دستور دادن |
| remind | یادآوری کردن |
| encourage | تشویق کردن |
| warn | هشدار دادن |
| invite | دعوت کردن |
| urge | ترغیب کردن |
| instruct | راهنمایی یا دستور دادن |
✅ مثالها:
- She told me to sit down. ➝ او بهم گفت که بشینم.
- They warned us not to go there. ➝ بهمون گفتن نریم اونجا.
- He reminded her to call her mom. ➝ یادآوری کرد که زنگ بزنه.
- I encouraged my friend to apply. ➝ دوستم رو تشویق کردم که درخواست بده.
❗ نکات:
- ✘ He told to go home ❌ ✅ He told me to go home
- برای منفی کردن: He told me not to touch the stove.
📚 بخش سوم: ساختار that + جمله کامل
✅ افعال رایج:
| فعل | معنی |
|---|---|
| promise | قول دادن |
| agree | موافقت کردن |
| expect | انتظار داشتن |
| hope | امید داشتن |
| guarantee | تضمین کردن |
| vow | سوگند خوردن |
| propose | پیشنهاد کردن |
✅ مثالها:
- He promised that he would call. ➝ او قول داد تماس بگیره.
- She hoped that they would win. ➝ امیدوار بود که ببرن.
✅ همین جملهها میتونن با to-infinitive هم بیان:
- He promised to call.
- She hoped to win.
🟢 فرق:
از نظر معنی تقریباً یکیان. جمله دارای that رسمیتره و فاعل جملهی دوم رو هم مشخص میکنه.
📚 بخش چهارم: افعال suggest و recommend
❗ مهم: این افعال با to-infinitive نمیآن
✘ He suggested to go ❌
✅ He suggested going
✅ He suggested that we go
✅ ساختارهای درست:
- suggest + ing: He suggested leaving early. ➝ پیشنهاد داد زود بریم.
- suggest + that + جمله: He suggested that we leave early.
🟣 چرا to نمیگیرن؟ چون خودشون به "کل فعالیت" اشاره دارن نه یه اجرا توسط شخص خاص.
📋 خلاصه طلایی کل ساختارها:
| ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| verb + to-infinitive | He offered to help. | او پیشنهاد داد کمک کنه. |
| verb + object + to-infinitive | She told me to sit. | او بهم گفت که بشینم. |
| verb + that-clause | He promised that he would help. | او قول داد که کمک خواهد کرد. |
| suggest + verb-ing | She suggested taking a taxi. | پیشنهاد داد با تاکسی بریم. |
| suggest + that + جمله | She suggested that we take a taxi. | پیشنهاد داد با تاکسی بریم. |
📖 داستان آموزشی: The Big School Project
🟢 English:
Our teacher gave us a big project last week.
At first, nobody wanted to do it.
Then Sarah offered to lead the group.
She promised to help everyone with their parts.
Tom was lazy and said he didn’t want to work.
The teacher told him to try at least.
Sarah encouraged him to do the easiest part.
Mike suggested doing the project online.
But the teacher recommended that we work in person.
At the end, Sarah reminded us to submit the work on time.
And guess what? We all got an A!
🟥 ترجمه فارسی:
هفته پیش، معلممون یه پروژهی بزرگ بهمون داد.
اول هیچکس دلش نمیخواست انجامش بده.
بعد سارا پیشنهاد داد که خودش رهبری کنه.
او قول داد که به همه کمک کنه.
تام تنبل بود و گفت نمیخواد کار کنه.
معلمش گفت حداقل تلاش کن.
سارا تشویقش کرد که آسونترین بخش رو انجام بده.
مایک پیشنهاد داد پروژه رو آنلاین انجام بدیم.
ولی معلم توصیه کرد حضوری کار کنیم.
آخرش، سارا یادآوری کرد که پروژه رو به موقع تحویل بدیم.
و حدس بزن چی شد؟ همه نمره A گرفتیم!
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. She said, "I will help you." → She ______ to help me.
2. He said, "I'll carry your bag." → He ______ to carry my bag.
3. "You should rest," the doctor said. → The doctor ______ me to rest.
4. She said, "Don't touch that!" → She ______ me not to touch it.
5. "Let's take a break," he said. → He ______ taking a break.
6. I said, "I'll finish the work today." → I ______ to finish the work today.
7. The teacher said, "Study hard." → The teacher ______ us to study hard.
8. "You should check your email," she said. → She ______ me to check my email.
9. He said, "Don't be late." → He ______ me not to be late.
10. "Why don't we go for a walk?" he said. → He ______ going for a walk.
11. "Be careful," she said. → She ______ me to be careful.
12. I said, "I’ll call you later." → I ______ to call her later.
13. "Finish your homework," Mom said. → Mom ______ me to finish my homework.
14. The coach said, "Run faster!" → The coach ______ them to run faster.
15. "Don't forget your keys," he said. → He ______ me to take my keys.
16. He said, "Shall I help you?" → He ______ to help me.
17. "We should leave early," he said. → He ______ leaving early.
18. She said, "Don't go alone." → She ______ me not to go alone.
19. He said, "You must wear a helmet." → He ______ me to wear a helmet.
20. The teacher said, "Try harder." → The teacher ______ us to try harder.