Reported speech 2
🎯 موضوع این درس: کی باید فعل رو تغییر بدیم و کی لازم نیست!
خیلی وقتها، وقتی چیزی که یه نفر گفته هنوز هم درسته، لازم نیست فعل رو ببری عقب. ولی اگه شرایط تغییر کرده یا تموم شده، باید فعل رو به گذشته ببری.
✅ قانون شماره ۱: اگر وضعیت هنوز در جریانه، فعل رو تغییر نده!
Direct: Paul said, “My new job is boring.”
Reported: Paul said (that) his new job is boring. ✅
چرا؟ چون شغل پل هنوزم جدیده و خستهکنندهست.
✅ قانون شماره ۲: اگر شرایط تموم شده → فعل رو ببر عقب
Direct: Paul said, “I have to go.”
Reported: Paul said (that) he had to go. ✅
چرا؟ چون اون موقع رفت و الان در اون شرایط نیست.
🔄 جدول تغییر زمانها
| زمان مستقیم | زمان غیرمستقیم |
|---|---|
| am / is | was |
| are | were |
| do / does | did |
| have / has | had |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| want / like | wanted / liked |
| go / see | went / saw |
| must / have to | had to |
📍 نکته طلایی: وضعیت هنوز درسته یا نه؟
Direct: Helen said, “I want to go to Canada next year.”
Reported:
- Helen said that she wants to go to Canada next year. ✅ (هنوزم میخواد)
- Helen said that she wanted to go to Canada next year. ✅ (شاید دیگه نمیخواد)
هر دو درسته، بستگی به نگاه گوینده داره!
🧠 فرق say و tell
❶ tell + somebody
بعد از tell حتماً بگو “به کی گفتی”.
Rachel told me that you were sick. ✅
❷ say + جمله / say to somebody
Rachel said that you were sick. ✅
Rachel said to me that you were sick. ✅
Rachel said me... ❌
🧭 say و tell در سوال
| درست | غلط |
|---|---|
| What did you tell the teacher? | What did you tell? |
| What did you say to the teacher? | What did you say the teacher? |
⚠️ وقتی شنیدهات با واقعیت فرق داره
Rachel told you: “Joe is in hospital.”
تو: “Rachel said you were in hospital.”
(چون الان میدونی دیگر در بیمارستان نیست.)
💬 نقلقول امری و دستوری
- tell somebody to + فعل / tell somebody not to + فعل
- ask somebody to + فعل
“Don’t work too hard,” I said.
→ I told Joe not to work too hard.
“Please help me,” Jackie said.
→ Jackie asked me to help her.
🧪 چند مثال واقعی:
- “Drink more water,” the doctor said.
→ The doctor told me to drink more water. - “Be quiet,” the teacher said.
→ The teacher told us to be quiet. - “Don’t worry,” Paul said.
→ Paul told me not to worry. - “Call me tonight,” she said.
→ She told me to call her tonight. - “Can you help me?” she asked.
→ She asked me to help her.
🧙♂️ داستان: The Strange Morning
Yesterday, Emily met her best friend Lisa. Lisa looked very worried.
Lisa said, “My brother is sick, and I have to take him to the doctor.”
Emily asked, “Can I help you with anything?”
Lisa said, “Please don’t tell anyone about this.”
Later that day, Emily met another friend, Tom.
Tom asked, “What’s wrong with Lisa?”
Emily said that Lisa had said her brother was sick and she had to take him to the doctor.
She also said Lisa asked her not to tell anyone.
Tom said, “That’s strange. I just saw her brother at the coffee shop. He looks fine!”
🇮🇷 ترجمه فارسی:
دیروز، امیلی با بهترین دوستش لیزا دید. لیزا خیلی نگران بود.
لیزا گفت: «برادرم مریضه و باید ببرمش دکتر.»
امیلی پرسید: «میخوای کمکت کنم؟»
لیزا گفت: «لطفاً به کسی نگو.»
بعداً، امیلی تام رو دید.
تام پرسید: «چیه؟»
امیلی گفت که لیزا گفته بود برادرش مریضه و باید ببرتش دکتر
و ازش خواسته بود به کسی نگو.
تام گفت: «عجیبه؛ من الان برادرشو تو کافیشاپ دیدم. خوب به نظر میرسید!»
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. She said that she ______ happy.
2. Mark said that he ______ a new car.
3. They said that they ______ tired.
4. Helen said that she ______ to go to Canada next year.
5. He said he ______ cook.
6. They said they ______ to the park.
7. Paul said that his job ______ boring.
8. She said that she ______ that book.
9. She said he ______ come the next day.
10. He said he ______ the movie the night before.
11. Rachel said you ______ in hospital.
12. I told Joe ______ too hard.
13. The doctor told me ______ water.
14. She asked me ______ her.
15. He said he ______ call me later.
16. She said she ______ to leave then.
17. He asked me ______ the window.
18. Which is correct?
19. What’s correct?
20. She asked what I ______.