Reported speech 1 (he said that …)
💬 اول از همه: گفتار مستقیم (Direct Speech) چیه؟
اگه تو بخوای مستقیم حرفهای یه نفر رو همونجوری که گفته تکرار کنی، از گفتار مستقیم استفاده میکنی. تو انگلیسی داخل کوتیشن مینویسیم.
Paul said, “I’m feeling ill.”
پل گفت: «من حالم بده.»
🧠 حالا Reported Speech یا "گفتار غیر مستقیم" چیه؟
وقتی بخوای صحبتهای یه نفر رو تعریف کنی بدون اینکه دقیقاً همون جملهش رو بگی، از گفتار غیرمستقیم استفاده میکنی.
Paul said that he was feeling ill.
پل گفت که حالش بد بود.
✅ دقت کن که:
- جملهی نقل شده دیگه توی کوتیشن نیست.
- زمان جمله هم عقب رفته. (
am→was)
🎯 چرا زمانها در Reported Speech تغییر میکنن؟
چون وقتی حرف کسی رو بعداً تعریف میکنی، اون اتفاق گذشتهست. پس باید زمانها عقب برن.
🧩 لیست تغییر زمانها (خیلی مهم!)
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| am / is | was |
| are | were |
| do / does | did |
| have / has | had |
| will | would |
| can | could |
| want / like / go / see | wanted / liked / went / saw |
🔄 مثالهای باحال و ساده با ترجمه
Direct: Anna said, “I want to buy a car.”
آنا گفت: «میخوام یه ماشین بخرم.»
Reported: Anna said that she wanted to buy a car.
آنا گفت که میخواست یه ماشین بخره.
Direct: Lisa said, “I don’t have time.”
لیسا گفت: «وقت ندارم.»
Reported: Lisa said that she didn’t have time.
لیسا گفت که وقت نداشت.
Direct: Tom said, “I lost my phone.”
تام گفت: «گوشیمو گم کردم.»
Reported: Tom said that he had lost his phone.
تام گفت که گوشیشو گم کرده بود.
⏳ دربارهی زمانها بیشتر بدون
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| present simple (I am tired) | past simple (He said he was tired) |
| past simple | past perfect (I saw → had seen) |
| present perfect | past perfect (I have eaten → had eaten) |
| will | would |
| can | could |
⚠️ گاهی اوقات لازم نیست زمان رو تغییر بدی
He said, “The sun rises in the east.”
→ He said that the sun rises in the east. ✅
(چون همیشه همونطوره، لازم نیست زمان رو عوض کنیم.)
📚 مثالهای واقعی بیشتر با ترجمه
| Direct | Reported | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| “I’m tired,” she said. | She said she was tired. | اون گفت که خستهست. |
| “We are late,” they said. | They said they were late. | اونا گفتن که دیر کردن. |
| “I can’t come,” he said. | He said he couldn’t come. | اون گفت نمیتونه بیاد. |
| “I will help you,” she said. | She said she would help me. | گفت کمکم میکنه. |
💥 نکته مهم: ضمیرها هم تغییر میکنن!
| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| I | he/she |
| my | his/her |
| we | they |
| our | their |
| you | I/he/she/they |
🧙♂️ جدول کامل برای تمرین
| Direct Sentence | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| “I’m hungry.” | He said he was hungry. |
| “She doesn’t like pizza.” | He said she didn’t like pizza. |
| “We will come tomorrow.” | They said they would come the next day. |
| “I can swim.” | She said she could swim. |
| “They have gone.” | He said they had gone. |
🧾 داستان با استفاده از Reported Speech
Story Title: What Everyone Said
Yesterday, Jenny met her friends after school. Each of them said something interesting.
- Mike said, “I’m going to the gym tonight.”
- Sophie said, “I lost my keys this morning.”
- Leo said, “I don’t like math.”
- Emily said, “We’ll go to the beach on Saturday.”
- And Daniel said, “I can cook spaghetti!”
Later that day, Jenny told her mom everything:
- She said that Mike was going to the gym that night.
- She said that Sophie had lost her keys that morning.
- She said that Leo didn’t like math.
- She said that Emily would go to the beach on Saturday.
- And she said that Daniel could cook spaghetti.
Jenny’s mom smiled and said, “Wow, sounds like your friends had a busy day!”
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. Sarah said that she ______ tired.
2. Tom said that he ______ a dog.
3. He said that he ______ help me.
4. She said that she ______ tea.
5. Ali said that he ______ swim.
6. They said they ______ going then.
7. He said that he ______ her the day before.
8. She said that she ______ her homework.
9. They said that they ______ to the zoo.
10. John said he ______ watching a movie.
11. He said that she ______ call me.
12. She asked if I ______ pizza.
13. He asked if I ______ with him.
14. She asked ______ time it was.
15. She said she was going to call me ______.
16. He said that he ______ his homework.
17. He said that his mom ______ cooking dinner.
18. The teacher said that I ______ study.
19. She said she ______ be there at 5.
20. He said that he ______ the answer.