Passive 1 (is done / was done)
💡 ساختار مجهول (Passive Voice) یعنی چی؟
ساختار مجهول یعنی تمرکز جمله روی کسی یا چیزی باشه که "کاری روش انجام شده"، نه کسی که اون کار رو انجام داده.
✅ فرق Active و Passive:
| Active (معلوم) | Passive (مجهول) |
|---|---|
| Somebody built this house in 1981. | This house was built in 1981. |
| They clean the room every day. | The room is cleaned every day. |
🧱 فرمول ساختار مجهول:
Passive = be (am/is/are/was/were/been...) + past participle (قسمت سوم فعل)
- is done
- was cleaned
- has been broken
- will be repaired
🔁 چرا از مجهول استفاده میکنیم؟
- فاعل (کسی که کار رو انجام داده) معلوم نیست
A lot of money was stolen.
مقدار زیادی پول دزدیده شد. (نمیدونیم کی) - فاعل مهم نیست
My car is repaired every year.
ماشینم هر سال تعمیر میشه. (مهم نیست کی تعمیرش میکنه) - میخوایم تمرکز روی "نتیجه کار" باشه، نه فاعل
The new bridge was opened last week.
پل جدید هفتهی پیش افتتاح شد. - اگه خواستیم فاعل رو بگیم، از by استفاده میکنیم:
The song was written by Adele.
آهنگ توسط ادل نوشته شد.
🔄 زمانهای مختلف در حالت مجهول:
| زمان | Active | Passive |
|---|---|---|
| حال ساده | They clean the room. | The room is cleaned. |
| گذشته ساده | They cleaned the room. | The room was cleaned. |
| حال کامل | They have cleaned it. | It has been cleaned. |
| آینده | They will repair it. | It will be repaired. |
| حال استمراری | They are cleaning it. | It is being cleaned. |
| گذشته استمراری | They were cleaning it. | It was being cleaned. |
| مصدر | They want to clean it. | They want it to be cleaned. |
🛠 چجوری مجهول بسازیم؟ مرحله به مرحله:
- فعل اصلی رو پیدا کن.
- زمان جمله رو مشخص کن (حال ساده؟ گذشته؟ حال کامل؟...)
- فعل "to be" مناسب رو بیار.
- بعدش قسمت سوم فعل (past participle) رو بنویس.
🧠 مثالهای کاربردی با ترجمه:
حال ساده:
Active: They fix cars here.
Passive: Cars are fixed here.
ترجمه: ماشینها اینجا تعمیر میشن.
گذشته ساده:
Active: He painted the room.
Passive: The room was painted.
ترجمه: اتاق رنگ شده بود.
حال کامل:
Active: They have cleaned the windows.
Passive: The windows have been cleaned.
ترجمه: پنجرهها تمیز شدهاند.
آینده ساده:
Active: They will build a new school.
Passive: A new school will be built.
ترجمه: یک مدرسه جدید ساخته خواهد شد.
حال استمراری:
Active: They are painting the walls.
Passive: The walls are being painted.
ترجمه: دیوارها در حال رنگ شدن هستند.
⚠ نکات مهم:
بعضی از فعلها بیقاعده هستن و شکل سومشون متفاوته:
| فعل | گذشته | قسمت سوم |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | gone |
| write | wrote | written |
| eat | ate | eaten |
| see | saw | seen |
✅ تمرین مقایسهای سریع:
| جمله معلوم | جمله مجهول |
|---|---|
| Somebody broke the window. | The window was broken. |
| People speak English here. | English is spoken here. |
| They have made a mistake. | A mistake has been made. |
✍️ سوالهای رایج مجهول در زبان انگلیسی:
- Is the room cleaned every day?
- How is this word pronounced?
- Was your car repaired yesterday?
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. The window ______ last night.
2. English ______ in many countries.
3. My phone ______ yesterday.
4. The house ______ in 1985.
5. These cakes ______ by my mom.
6. The documents ______ already.
7. This picture ______ by Picasso.
8. Many accidents ______ by careless driving.
9. A new hospital ______ in this area.
10. The homework ______ by all students.
11. The room ______ every day.
12. The email ______ yet.
13. The thief ______ by the police.
14. The lights ______ off at 10 p.m.
15. The homework ______ now.
16. I ______ invited to the party.
17. The project ______ by the end of the week.
18. The letter ______ tomorrow.
19. This book ______ into Spanish.
20. The floor ______ when I arrived.