it is said that … he is said to …
🧠 معنی کلی و کاربرد
ما از این ساختارها برای گفتن چیزهایی استفاده میکنیم که شنیدیم یا مردم میگن یا باور دارن درسته — ولی خودمون دقیق مطمئن نیستیم.
یعنی حرفایی مثل:
- «میگن...»
- «گفته میشه که...»
- «احتمالاً...»
- «شنیده شده که...»
✅ ساختار اول:
🔹 It is said that + جمله
یعنی: گفته میشه که...
🔸 مثالها + ترجمه
It is said that George is 108 years old.
It is believed that the boy ran away.
It is known that the company lost money.
💡 نکته: توی این ساختار همیشه از شکل مجهول استفاده میکنیم و بعدش یه جمله کامل میاد.
✅ ساختار دوم:
🔹 He/She/It + is said/believed/reported + to + فعل
یعنی: گفته میشه که او ... / شنیده شده که او ...
🔸 مثالها + ترجمه
He is said to be 108 years old.
She is believed to have left the country.
The man is reported to be dangerous.
🔧 فرمول:
فاعل + is/are + فعل سوم (said, believed, etc.) + to + فعل ساده یا Perfect
🔄 تفاوت بین دو ساختار:
| ساختار | مثال | ترجمه |
|---|---|---|
| It is said that... | It is said that he is rich. | گفته میشه که اون پولداره. |
| He is said to... | He is said to be rich. | گفته میشه که اون پولداره. |
⬅️ هر دو ساختار یه معنی دارن، ولی دومی رسمیتر و فشردهتره. مخصوصاً توی متنهای خبری یا نوشتاری.
⚙️ افعال پرکاربرد در این ساختارها:
- said (گفته میشود)
- believed (باور بر این است)
- thought (فکر میشود)
- expected (انتظار میرود)
- alleged (ادعا شده)
- reported (گزارش شده)
- known (شناخته شده)
- understood (درک میشود)
✅ ساختار سوم:
🔹 be supposed to + فعل
یعنی: قراره که... / انتظار میرود که... / نباید (در کاربرد منفی)
این یه ساختار خیلی مهمه و دو کاربرد اصلی داره:
1. ✅ وقتی مردم انتظار دارن یه کاری انجام بشه یا قراره انجام بشه
You’re supposed to be at work!
The show is supposed to start at 8.
We were supposed to meet yesterday.
2. ❌ وقتی مجاز نیستی کاری رو انجام بدی (در حالت منفی)
You’re not supposed to park here.
He’s not supposed to eat sugar.
🔧 فرم ساختار:
فاعل + am/is/are + supposed to + فعل ساده
برای گذشته:
was/were supposed to + فعل ساده
🔄 فرق "He is said to..." و "He is supposed to..."
He is said to be rich.
He is supposed to be rich.
📚 مثالهای زیاد برای تمرین
| انگلیسی | ترجمه |
|---|---|
| It is said that she lives alone. | گفته میشه که اون تنها زندگی میکنه. |
| The president is reported to be in danger. | گزارش شده که رئیسجمهور در خطره. |
| This movie is supposed to be amazing. | گفته میشه این فیلم فوقالعادهست. |
| You’re supposed to wear a mask. | باید ماسک بزنی (مجازات/قانونی). |
| He is believed to have stolen the car. | باور بر اینه که اون ماشین رو دزدیده. |
| We were supposed to be there at 9. | قرار بود ساعت ۹ اونجا باشیم. |
🧙♂️ داستان با استفاده از این گرامر
English Story:
Title: The Mysterious Neighbor
There is a man living next door. It is said that he used to be a spy. Some people say he’s very rich. He is believed to own several houses across the country.
Nobody has ever seen him talking to anyone. He is said to work late at night and sleep during the day.
One day, a police car came to his house. It was reported that he was involved in some illegal activity. But no one knows the truth.
Some people in the neighborhood say, “He is supposed to be dangerous.” Others believe he’s just a lonely old man.
To this day, his true story remains a mystery.
ترجمه فارسی داستان:
عنوان: همسایهی مرموز
یه مردی تو خونهی بغلی زندگی میکنه. گفته میشه که قبلاً جاسوس بوده. بعضیها میگن که اون خیلی پولداره. باور دارن که چندتا خونه تو کل کشور داره.
هیچکس تاحالا ندیده که با کسی حرف بزنه. میگن که اون شبها کار میکنه و روزها میخوابه.
یه روز، یه ماشین پلیس اومد جلوی خونش. گزارش شده بود که توی یه کار غیرقانونی دست داشته. ولی هیچکس واقعیت رو نمیدونه.
بعضی همسایهها میگن: “احتمالاً آدم خطرناکیه.” بقیه فکر میکنن فقط یه پیرمرد تنهاست.
تا امروز، داستان واقعی اون مرد یه راز باقی مونده.
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. There is ______ milk left in the bottle.
2. I have ______ idea what you're talking about.
3. He asked for help, but ______ came.
4. She didn’t find ______ books she liked.
5. ______ of the answers were correct.
6. We have ______ time to waste.
7. I have ______ of those files.
8. There were ______ students in class today.
9. I checked my pockets. There was ______ there.
10. Do you have ______ idea how this works?
11. There weren’t ______ problems during the trip.
12. ______ of them knew the answer.
13. He brought ______ food to the party.
14. They needed help, but ______ came.
15. We have ______ money for that trip.
16. I invited five people, but ______ showed up.
17. He said nothing because he had ______ to say.
18. They didn’t see ______ animals at the zoo.
19. I asked three people, but ______ of them could help.
20. We had ______ problems at all. Everything went perfectly.