Agreement between subject and verb 1
🧠 یعنی چی "تطابق فعل با فاعل"؟
اگر فاعل مفرد باشه، فعل هم باید مفرد باشه.
اگر فاعل جمع باشه، فعل هم باید جمع باشه.
✅ مثال:
- She lives in Tehran. (✅ مفرد → lives با s)
- They live in Tehran. (✅ جمع → بدون s)
🟢 بخش اول: فاعل ساده (مفرد یا جمع)
| فاعل مفرد | فعل مفرد |
|---|---|
| He / she / it / a cat | drinks, sleeps, likes |
| فاعل جمع | فعل جمع |
|---|---|
| They / we / cats / students | drink, sleep, like |
🧪 مثال:
- My sister likes pizza.
- My friends like pizza.
- A student is tired.
- The students are tired.
🟡 بخش دوم: فاعل طولانی ولی مفرد
گاهی فاعل از چند کلمه تشکیل شده، ولی معنی کلیاش مفرده:
The list of items was long. ✅
- The group of students is playing outside.
- The news is interesting.
- The book that you gave me is useful.
🔵 بخش سوم: فاعل با ing
- Reading books is fun.
- Playing football makes him happy.
- Having extra homework is annoying.
🟣 بخش چهارم: فاعل با what/whoever
- What he said is true.
- What worries me is the money.
- Whoever arrives first gets the prize.
🟠 بخش پنجم: collective nouns
- The team is winning. ✅ (تمرکز روی کل تیم)
- The team are arguing. ✅ (تمرکز روی اعضا)
🟤 بخش ششم: اسمهای جمعنما ولی مفرد
- The United States is big.
- The Netherlands is in Europe.
- “The Gunners” was a great movie.
✍️ نکته خیلی مهم:
فاعل اصلی رو در جمله پیدا کن! نه کلماتی که به ظاهر نزدیک فعل هستن:
- The only thing that matters is your health.
- The problems with the machines have caused delays.
💡 خلاصه طلایی:
| نوع فاعل | فعل |
|---|---|
| فاعل مفرد | فعل با s (does, is, has...) |
| فاعل جمع | فعل ساده (do, are, have...) |
| فعل ing به عنوان فاعل | مفرد (is) |
| What / That-clause | مفرد |
| Collective nouns | بستگی داره |
| اسمهای جمعنما | مفرد |
📖 داستان آموزشی با استفاده از این گرامر
🟩 English Story: The Committee's Choice
The committee was ready to make a decision.
Even though the members had different opinions, the main goal was clear.
The list of candidates was shown on the screen.
Choosing the right leader is never easy.
What surprised everyone was the final result.
Later, the team were discussing their next steps, because they did not agree.
But the decision of the committee remains final.
🟥 ترجمه فارسی داستان: انتخاب کمیته
کمیته آمادهی تصمیمگیری بود.
با اینکه اعضای آن نظرات متفاوتی داشتند، هدف اصلی مشخص بود.
فهرست نامزدها روی صفحه نمایش داده شد.
انتخاب رهبر مناسب هیچوقت کار راحتی نیست.
آنچه همه را شگفتزده کرد، نتیجه نهایی بود.
بعدتر، تیم داشت درباره قدمهای بعدی صحبت میکرد، چون هنوز اختلاف نظر داشتن.
اما تصمیم کمیته نهایی باقی میمونه.
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. The list of items ______ on the table.
2. My friends ______ going to the concert tonight.
3. The team ______ playing well this season.
4. Reading novels ______ one of my hobbies.
5. Each of the players ______ ready to start.
6. The teacher, along with her students, ______ at the museum now.
7. What worries us ______ the result.
8. The news ______ very surprising.
9. The committee ______ making a new rule.
10. A number of people ______ protesting outside.
11. The children, as well as their teacher, ______ excited.
12. None of the milk ______ left.
13. One of the students ______ late today.
14. The jury ______ divided in their opinions.
15. The police ______ investigating the case.
16. The United Nations ______ an international organization.
17. The book, together with the notes, ______ on the table.
18. Mathematics ______ my favorite subject.
19. The class ______ watching a movie right now.
20. The dogs and the cat ______ in the yard.