Forming Passive Sentences 2: Verb + -ing or to-infinitive
بعضی وقتها جملهها در انگلیسی دوتا فعل دارن. مثلاً:
(اونا دیدنش که داره از دیوار بالا میره.)
وقتی بخوایم چنین جملههایی رو مجهول کنیم، باید بدونیم که بعد از فعل اول چی میاد: فعل با ing یا to + فعل (مصدر)
Active: Verb + object + verb-ing
Passive: Object + was/were + past participle + verb-ing
(آنها دیدند که میمون داره از نرده بالا میره.)
Passive: The monkey was seen climbing the fence.
(دیده شد که میمون داشت از نرده بالا میرفت.)
افعال پرکاربرد که بعدشون ing میاد و قابل مجهول شدنه:
- see
- hear
- watch
- notice
- observe
- feel
- catch
- find
- show
- keep
- bring
(ما نگاه کردیم که داشت از خیابون رد میشد.)
→ He was watched crossing the street.
(او دیده شد که داشت از خیابون رد میشد.)
(او شنید که نوزاد گریه میکرد.)
→ The baby was heard crying.
(نوزاد شنیده شد که داشت گریه میکرد.)
بعضی فعلها بعدشون ing میاد، ولی توی حالت مجهول با being + past participle بیان میشن.
(از اینکه بهم هدیه داده بشه خوشم میاد.)
The children enjoyed being taken to the zoo.
(بچهها از اینکه به باغوحش برده شدن خوششون اومد.)
افعال معروفی که توی این ساختار استفاده میشن:
- avoid
- deny
- dislike
- enjoy
- hate
- like
- love
- mind
- remember
- report
- risk
- suggest
Active: Verb + object + to-infinitive
Passive: Object + be + past participle + to-infinitive
(آقای وانگ به پیتر یاد داده که آواز بخونه.)
Passive: Peter has been taught to sing.
(به پیتر یاد داده شده که آواز بخونه.)
افعال مهم:
- teach
- tell
- instruct
- allow
- ask
- advise
- expect
- encourage
- force
- order
- remind
(اونا انتظار داشتن تیم برنده شه.)
→ The team was expected to win.
(انتظار میرفت که تیم برنده شه.)
(ازش خواست کمکش کنه.)
→ He was asked to help her.
(از او خواسته شد کمک کنه.)
برخی افعال به شکل زیر میان:
Passive: Object + to be + past participle
→ Fresh pasta started to be sold.
People began to respect her.
→ She began to be respected.
افعال مهم در این بخش:
- begin
- continue
- start
- tend
- appear
- seem
- want
- hope
- agree
- refuse
- plan
برخی افعال با to-infinitive هستن، ولی نمیتونن مجهول شن:
(او دوست دارد کارل آنجا باشد.)
→ ❌ Passive نداره.
افعالی مثل: like, love, prefer, want, wish — معمولاً نمیتونن تو این ساختار مجهول بشن.
✨ English Story: A Secret Performance
(به اما آموزش داده شد که برقصه.)
People often saw her dancing in the studio.
(مردم معمولاً او را در حال رقص دیدند.)
She was seen dancing many times.
(او بارها در حال رقص دیده شد.)
One day, she was asked to perform in a big show.
(از او خواسته شد که توی یه نمایش بزرگ اجرا داشته باشه.)
She enjoyed being praised by the audience.
(او از تحسین شدن توسط تماشاچیها لذت برد.)
Later, her story was reported to inspire many others.
(بعدتر، داستانش گزارش شد که الهامبخش خیلیها شده.)
✨ ترجمه فارسی داستان:
(به او آموزش داده شد که برقصه.)
مردم معمولاً او را در حال رقص دیدند.
(او بارها دیده شد که داره میرقصه.)
یه روز، ازش درخواست شد که در یک نمایش بزرگ اجرا داشته باشه.
از اینکه توسط تماشاچیها تحسین شد، لذت برد.
بعدها، داستانش گزارش شد که الهامبخش خیلیها شده.
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. They saw him crossing the street. → Passive?
2. She heard the baby crying. → Passive?
3. The teacher made the students clean the room. → Passive?
4. He enjoys being praised. Which voice is this?
5. People saw the dog barking at the cat.
6. They expected the team to win. → Passive?
7. She was taught to drive by her brother. Which is true?
8. They let her go early. Which one is correct passive form?
9. The children enjoyed ____ to the zoo.
10. We heard them arguing in the kitchen.
11. She advised me to stay calm. → Passive?
12. They forced him to apologize. → Passive?
13. The manager asked us to come earlier. → Passive?
14. People saw the lion escaping.
15. He was seen ____ the window.
16. The children were made ____ their homework.
17. She hated being told what to do. Which verb pattern is used?
18. People expected her to win the race. → Passive?
19. They noticed him climbing the ladder. → Passive?
20. The kids were allowed to stay up late. Which verb pattern is used?