Can, Could, Be Able To, Be Allowed To
✅ ۱. Can برای توانایی کلی یا فعلی
استفاده زمانی که کسی یا چیزی الان یا همیشه توانایی انجام یه کار رو داره.
ساختار: can + فعل ساده
I can swim. (من بلدم شنا کنم.)
She can speak Spanish. (اون میتونه اسپانیایی صحبت کنه.)
✅ ۲. Could برای توانایی در گذشته
When I was 10, I could ride a bike. (وقتی ده سالم بود، میتونستم دوچرخهسواری کنم.)
نکته: برای اتفاق خاص، از was/were able to استفاده کن.
✅ She was able to cross the river safely. (اون تونست از رودخونه رد بشه.)
❌ She could cross the river. (نه! چون این یه بار اتفاق خاص بوده.)
✅ ۳. «Be able to» — در هر زمان استفاده میشه
ساختار: am/is/are/was/were/will be + able to + فعل ساده
I am able to help you now. (الان میتونم کمکت کنم.)
She was able to solve the puzzle yesterday. (دیروز تونست معما رو حل کنه.)
They will be able to come tomorrow. (اونا فردا میتونن بیان.)
- در جملات منفی: I tried to get up, but I couldn't move.
- با حواس پنجگانه: I could hear a strange noise.
- با افعال حالتدار: I couldn’t remember anything.
بعد از "the only thing/place/time/person..." از could استفاده کن:
The only thing I could see was smoke.
All we could hear were the sirens.
برای «نزدیک بود اتفاق بیفته»: I could nearly touch the ceiling.
برای احتمال نظری:
It could be expensive. (ممکنه گرون دربیاد.)
This can be dangerous. (ممکنه خطرناک باشه.)
برای غیرممکن بودن:
There can’t be many people who don’t like music.
He couldn’t be at school. I saw him downtown.
وقتی کسی اجازه داشته کاری انجام بده (رسمی یا عمومی):
When I was a child, I was allowed to stay up late on Fridays. (اجازه داشتم شبهای جمعه دیر بخوابم.)
We were allowed to swim in that lake before it got polluted. (ما اجازه داشتیم قبل از اینکه اون دریاچه آلوده بشه توش شنا کنیم.)
تفاوت با «could»: برای اجازهی خاص گذشته، از was/were allowed to استفاده کن:
✅ He was allowed to enter the room. (اجازه داشت وارد اتاق بشه.)
❌ He could enter the room. (بیشتر معنی "توانست" میده، نه "اجازه داشت")
✅ در حالت منفی:
I wasn’t allowed to go out after 9 p.m. (اجازه نداشتم بعد ۹ برم بیرون.)
We couldn’t open the presents before midnight. (نمیتونستیم کادوها رو قبل از نیمهشب باز کنیم.)
✨ English Story: The Locked Room
When I was a kid, I could ride my bike all over the neighborhood.
I was allowed to stay out until sunset.
One day, I tried to open the attic door, but it was locked.
I wasn't allowed to go there, but I was curious.
I tried to push it, but I couldn't move it.
Suddenly, I heard a voice behind me. It was my sister.
She said, “You aren’t supposed to be here!”
I said, “But I could hear something moving inside!”
That day, I didn't enter the attic, but I was able to unlock the mystery later.
It was just an old fan making noise.
✨ ترجمه فارسی داستان: اتاق قفلشده
وقتی بچه بودم، میتونستم با دوچرخه توی کل محله بچرخم.
اجازه داشتم تا غروب بیرون باشم.
یه روز، خواستم در اتاق زیرشیروونی رو باز کنم، ولی قفل بود.
اجازه نداشتم برم اونجا، ولی خیلی کنجکاو بودم.
هلش دادم، ولی نتونستم تکونش بدم.
یهو صدایی از پشت سرم شنیدم. خواهرم بود.
گفت: «تو نباید اینجا باشی!»
گفتم: «ولی صدای چیزی رو میشنیدم که اون تو تکون میخورد!»
اون روز وارد اتاق نشدم، ولی بعداً تونستم رمز قضیه رو کشف کنم.
فقط یه پنکهی قدیمی بود که صدا میداد!
حالا وقتشه با درسی که الان یاد گرفتیم بریم چند تا تست بزنیم که مهارت خودمون رو در این درس بسنجیم.
1. When I was younger, I ______ run 5 kilometers without stopping.
2. I tried to lift the box, but I ______ do it. It was too heavy.
3. He ______ speak three languages fluently.
4. She ______ go to the party because her parents said no.
5. I ______ smell gas in the kitchen, so I turned off the oven.
6. They ______ finish the project on time despite all the problems.
7. We ______ enter the building because we had special passes.
8. The dog ______ nearly reach the top of the fence.
9. I ______ open the window, but only after a lot of effort.
10. ______ you ride a bike when you were five?
11. Students ______ leave the room after they finish the test.
12. I ______ understand the story, but the ending confused me.
13. My brother ______ play the guitar very well.
14. Only the manager ______ access the confidential files.
15. He ______ to fish in the lake before it was banned.
16. She ______ hear the music from outside the hall.
17. I ______ open the present until my birthday.
18. After many tries, I finally ______ fix the printer.
19. ______ you understand what the teacher said?
20. I ______ nearly touch the ceiling when I jumped.